6.9. Glibc-2.21
The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library
provides the basic routines for allocating memory, searching
directories, opening and closing files, reading and writing files,
string handling, pattern matching, arithmetic, and so on.
Approximate build time:
16.3 SBU
Required disk space:
1.1 GB
6.9.1. Installation of Glibc
Note
Some packages outside of LFS suggest installing GNU libiconv in
order to translate data from one encoding to another. The
project's home page (http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/)
says “This library
provides an iconv()
implementation,
for use on systems which don't have one, or whose implementation
cannot convert from/to Unicode.” Glibc
provides an iconv()
implementation
and can convert from/to Unicode, therefore libiconv is not
required on an LFS system.
Some of the Glibc programs use non-FHS compilant /var/db
directory to store their runtime data.
Apply the following patch to make such programs store their runtime
data in the FHS-compliant locations:
patch -Np1 -i ../glibc-2.21-fhs-1.patch
The Glibc build system is self-contained and will install
perfectly, even though the compiler specs file and linker are still
pointing at /tools
. The specs and
linker cannot be adjusted before the Glibc install because the
Glibc autoconf tests would give false results and defeat the goal
of achieving a clean build.
Fix a regression in the package that affects 32-bit architectures:
sed -e '/ia32/s/^/1:/' \
-e '/SSE2/s/^1://' \
-i sysdeps/i386/i686/multiarch/mempcpy_chk.S
The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of the
source directory in a dedicated build directory:
mkdir -v ../glibc-build
cd ../glibc-build
6.9.2. 32-bit Installation
Prepare Glibc for 32-bit compilation:
echo slibdir=/lib32 > configparms
../glibc-2.21/configure \
--prefix=/usr \
--build=i686-pc-linux-gnu \
--disable-profile \
--enable-kernel=3.4.0 \
--libdir=/usr/lib32 \
--libexecdir=/usr/lib32/glibc \
--enable-obsolete-rpc \
CC="gcc -m32" CXX="g++ -m32"
The meaning of the new configure options:
-
echo
slibdir=/lib32 > configparms
-
Installs 32-bit system libraries to /lib32
.
-
--enable-obsolete-rpc
-
Installs NIS and RPC related headers that are not installed
by default; these are required to rebuild Glibc and by
several BLFS packages.
-
--libdir=/usr/lib32
-
Installs the 32-bit library files to /usr/lib32
.
-
--libexecdir=/usr/lib32/glibc
-
Installs the 32-bit glibc data files to /usr/lib32/glibc
.
-
CC="$LFS_TGT-gcc
-m32", CXX="$LFS_TGT-g++ -m32"
-
Ensures that the GCC compiler builds 32-bit libraries.
Compile the package:
make
Important
In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
Do not skip it under any circumstance.
Generally a few tests do not pass, but you can generally ignore any
of the test failures listed below. Now test the build results:
make check
You will probably see some test failures. The Glibc test suite is
somewhat dependent on the host system. This is a list of the most
common issues seen for this version of LFS:
-
The tst/tst-cputimer1
and rt/tst-cpuclock2
tests have been known to fail. The reason is not completely
understood, but indications are that minor timing issues can
trigger these failures.
-
The math tests sometimes fail when running on systems where
the CPU is not a relatively new genuine Intel or authentic
AMD processor.
-
posix/tst-getaddrinfo4 and posix/tst-getaddrinfo5 will always
fail due to not having a network connection when the tests
are run.
-
Other tests known to fail on some architectures are
malloc/tst-malloc-usable and nptl/tst-cleanupx4.
Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
complain about the absence of /etc/ld.so.conf
. Prevent this warning with:
touch /etc/ld.so.conf
Install the package:
make install
The locales that can make the system respond in a different
language were not installed by the above command. None of the
locales are required, but if some of them are missing, test suites
of the future packages would skip important testcases.
Individual locales can be installed using the localedef program. E.g., the
first localedef
command below combines the /usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ
charset-independent
locale definition with the /usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz
charmap
definition and appends the result to the /usr/lib32/locale/locale-archive
file. The
following instructions will install the minimum set of locales
necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:
mkdir -pv /usr/lib32/locale
localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
localedef -i en_GB -f UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8
localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
localedef -i it_IT -f UTF-8 it_IT.UTF-8
localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
localedef -i ru_RU -f KOI8-R ru_RU.KOI8-R
localedef -i ru_RU -f UTF-8 ru_RU.UTF-8
localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030
In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
character set.
Alternatively, install all locales listed in the glibc-2.21/localedata/SUPPORTED
file (it includes
every locale listed above and many more) at once with the following
time-consuming command:
make localedata/install-locales
Then use the localedef command to create and
install locales not listed in the glibc-2.21/localedata/SUPPORTED
file in the
unlikely case you need them.
Clean up the build directory before moving on to the next platform:
rm -fr *
6.9.3. x32 ABI Installation
Prepare Glibc for x32 ABI compilation:
echo slibdir=/libx32 > configparms
../glibc-2.21/configure \
--prefix=/usr \
--build=x86_64-unknown-linux-gnux32 \
--disable-profile \
--enable-kernel=3.4.0 \
--libdir=/usr/libx32 \
--libexecdir=/usr/libx32/glibc \
--enable-obsolete-rpc \
CC="gcc -mx32" CXX="g++ -mx32"
The meaning of the new configure options:
-
echo
slibdir=/libx32 > configparms
-
Installs x32 ABI system libraries to /libx32
.
-
--enable-obsolete-rpc
-
Installs NIS and RPC related headers that are not installed
by default; these are required to rebuild Glibc and by
several BLFS packages.
-
--libdir=/usr/libx32
-
Installs the x32 ABI library files to /usr/libx32
.
-
--libexecdir=/usr/libx32/glibc
-
Installs the x32 ABI glibc data files to /usr/libx32/glibc
.
-
CC="$LFS_TGT-gcc
-mx32", CXX="$LFS_TGT-g++ -mx32"
-
Ensures that the GCC compiler builds x32 ABI libraries.
Compile the package:
make
Important
In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
Do not skip it under any circumstance.
Generally a few tests do not pass, but you can generally ignore any
of the test failures listed below. Now test the build results:
make check
You will probably see some test failures. The Glibc test suite is
somewhat dependent on the host system. This is a list of the most
common issues seen for this version of LFS:
-
The tst/tst-cputimer1
and rt/tst-cpuclock2
tests have been known to fail. The reason is not completely
understood, but indications are that minor timing issues can
trigger these failures.
-
The math tests sometimes fail when running on systems where
the CPU is not a relatively new genuine Intel or authentic
AMD processor.
-
posix/tst-getaddrinfo4 and posix/tst-getaddrinfo5 will always
fail due to not having a network connection when the tests
are run.
-
Other tests known to fail on some architectures are
malloc/tst-malloc-usable and nptl/tst-cleanupx4.
Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
complain about the absence of /etc/ld.so.conf
. Prevent this warning with:
touch /etc/ld.so.conf
Install the package:
make install
The locales that can make the system respond in a different
language were not installed by the above command. None of the
locales are required, but if some of them are missing, test suites
of the future packages would skip important testcases.
Individual locales can be installed using the localedef program. E.g., the
first localedef
command below combines the /usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ
charset-independent
locale definition with the /usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz
charmap
definition and appends the result to the /usr/lib32/locale/locale-archive
file. The
following instructions will install the minimum set of locales
necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:
mkdir -pv /usr/lib32/locale
localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
localedef -i en_GB -f UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8
localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
localedef -i it_IT -f UTF-8 it_IT.UTF-8
localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
localedef -i ru_RU -f KOI8-R ru_RU.KOI8-R
localedef -i ru_RU -f UTF-8 ru_RU.UTF-8
localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030
In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
character set.
Alternatively, install all locales listed in the glibc-2.21/localedata/SUPPORTED
file (it includes
every locale listed above and many more) at once with the following
time-consuming command:
make localedata/install-locales
Then use the localedef command to create and
install locales not listed in the glibc-2.21/localedata/SUPPORTED
file in the
unlikely case you need them.
Clean up the build directory before moving on to the next platform:
rm -fr *
6.9.4. 64-bit Installation
Prepare Glibc for 64-bit compilation:
../glibc-2.21/configure \
--prefix=/usr \
--disable-profile \
--enable-kernel=3.4.0 \
--enable-obsolete-rpc
The meaning of the new configure options:
-
--enable-obsolete-rpc
-
Installs NIS and RPC related headers that are not installed
by default; these are required to rebuild Glibc and by
several BLFS packages.
Compile the package:
make
Important
In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
Do not skip it under any circumstance.
Generally a few tests do not pass, but you can generally ignore any
of the test failures listed below. Now test the build results:
make check
You will probably see some test failures. The Glibc test suite is
somewhat dependent on the host system. This is a list of the most
common issues seen for this version of LFS:
-
The tst/tst-cputimer1
and rt/tst-cpuclock2
tests have been known to fail. The reason is not completely
understood, but indications are that minor timing issues can
trigger these failures.
-
The math tests sometimes fail when running on systems where
the CPU is not a relatively new genuine Intel or authentic
AMD processor.
-
posix/tst-getaddrinfo4 and posix/tst-getaddrinfo5 will always
fail due to not having a network connection when the tests
are run.
-
Other tests known to fail on some architectures are
malloc/tst-malloc-usable and nptl/tst-cleanupx4.
Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
complain about the absence of /etc/ld.so.conf
. Prevent this warning with:
touch /etc/ld.so.conf
Install the package:
make install
Install the configuration file and runtime directory for
nscd:
cp -v ../glibc-2.21/nscd/nscd.conf /etc/nscd.conf
mkdir -pv /var/cache/nscd
The locales that can make the system respond in a different
language were not installed by the above command. None of the
locales are required, but if some of them are missing, test suites
of the future packages would skip important testcases.
Individual locales can be installed using the localedef program. E.g., the
first localedef
command below combines the /usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ
charset-independent
locale definition with the /usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz
charmap
definition and appends the result to the /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive
file. The
following instructions will install the minimum set of locales
necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:
mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
localedef -i en_GB -f UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8
localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
localedef -i it_IT -f UTF-8 it_IT.UTF-8
localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
localedef -i ru_RU -f KOI8-R ru_RU.KOI8-R
localedef -i ru_RU -f UTF-8 ru_RU.UTF-8
localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030
In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
character set.
Alternatively, install all locales listed in the glibc-2.21/localedata/SUPPORTED
file (it includes
every locale listed above and many more) at once with the following
time-consuming command:
make localedata/install-locales
Then use the localedef command to create and
install locales not listed in the glibc-2.21/localedata/SUPPORTED
file in the
unlikely case you need them.
6.9.5. Configuring Glibc
The /etc/nsswitch.conf
file needs to
be created because, although Glibc provides defaults when this file
is missing or corrupt, the Glibc defaults do not work well in a
networked environment. The time zone also needs to be configured.
Create a new file /etc/nsswitch.conf
by running the following:
cat > /etc/nsswitch.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
passwd: files
group: files
shadow: files
hosts: files dns
networks: files
protocols: files
services: files
ethers: files
rpc: files
# End /etc/nsswitch.conf
EOF
Install timezone data:
tar -xf ../tzdata2015a.tar.gz
ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo
mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}
for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \
asia australasia backward pacificnew systemv; do
zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO/posix -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
done
cp -v zone.tab zone1970.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO
zic -d $ZONEINFO -p America/New_York
unset ZONEINFO
The meaning of the zic commands:
-
zic -L /dev/null
...
-
This creates posix timezones, without any leap seconds. It is
conventional to put these in both zoneinfo
and zoneinfo/posix
. It is necessary to put the
POSIX timezones in zoneinfo
,
otherwise various test-suites will report errors. On an
embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend
to ever update the timezones, you could save 1.9MB by not
using the posix
directory, but
some applications or test-suites might produce some failures.
-
zic -L
leapseconds ...
-
This creates right timezones, including leap seconds. On an
embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend
to ever update the timezones, or care about the correct time,
you could save 1.9MB by omitting the right
directory.
-
zic ... -p
...
-
This creates the posixrules
file. We use New York because POSIX requires the daylight
savings time rules to be in accordance with US rules.
One way to determine the local time zone is to run the following
script:
tzselect
After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
output the name of the time zone (e.g., America/Edmonton). There are also some
other possible timezones listed in /usr/share/zoneinfo
such as Canada/Eastern or EST5EDT that are not identified by the
script but can be used.
Then create the /etc/localtime
file
by running:
cp -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/<xxx>
/etc/localtime
Replace <xxx>
with
the name of the time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).
6.9.6. Configuring the Dynamic
Loader
By default, the dynamic loader (/lib/ld-linux.so.2
) searches through /lib
and /usr/lib
for dynamic libraries that are needed by programs as they are run.
However, if there are libraries in directories other than
/lib
and /usr/lib
, these need to be added to the
/etc/ld.so.conf
file in order for the
dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly
known to contain additional libraries are /usr/local/lib
and /opt/lib
, so add those directories to the dynamic
loader's search path.
Create a new file /etc/ld.so.conf
by
running the following:
cat > /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
/usr/local/lib
/opt/lib
/usr/local/lib32
/opt/lib32
/usr/local/libx32
/opt/libx32
EOF
If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and
include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in
this include directory are one line specifying the desired library
path. To add this capability run the following commands:
cat >> /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF"
# Add an include directory
include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
EOF
mkdir -pv /etc/ld.so.conf.d
6.9.7. Contents of
Glibc
Installed programs:
catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent,
iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig, ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef,
makedb, mtrace, nscd, pcprofiledump, pldd, rpcgen, sln,
sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace, zdump, and zic
Installed libraries:
ld-2.21.so, libBrokenLocale.{a,so},
libSegFault.so, libanl.{a,so}, libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a,
libcidn.so, libcrypt.{a,so}, libdl.{a,so}, libg.a, libieee.a,
libm.{a,so}, libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libnsl.{a,so},
libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so,
libnss_hesiod.so, libnss_nis.so, libnss_nisplus.so,
libpcprofile.so, libpthread.{a,so}, libpthread_nonshared.a,
libresolv.{a,so}, librpcsvc.a, librt.{a,so}, libthread_db.so,
and libutil.{a,so}
Installed directories:
/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits,
/usr/include/gnu, /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash,
/usr/include/netatalk, /usr/include/netax25,
/usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
/usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv,
/usr/include/netpacket, /usr/include/netrom,
/usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs, /usr/include/protocols,
/usr/include/rpc, /usr/include/rpcsvc, /usr/include/sys,
/usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/locale,
/usr/libexec/getconf, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo,
/var/cache/nscd, and /var/lib/nss_db
Short Descriptions
catchsegv
|
Can be used to create a stack trace when a program
terminates with a segmentation fault
|
gencat
|
Generates message catalogues
|
getconf
|
Displays the system configuration values for file system
specific variables
|
getent
|
Gets entries from an administrative database
|
iconv
|
Performs character set conversion
|
iconvconfig
|
Creates fastloading iconv module
configuration files
|
ldconfig
|
Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings
|
ldd
|
Reports which shared libraries are required by each given
program or shared library
|
lddlibc4
|
Assists ldd
with object files
|
locale
|
Prints various information about the current locale
|
localedef
|
Compiles locale specifications
|
makedb
|
Creates a simple database from textual input
|
mtrace
|
Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a
summary in human-readable format
|
nscd
|
A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
service requests
|
pcprofiledump
|
Dumps information generated by PC profiling
|
pldd
|
Lists dynamic shared objects used by running processes
|
rpcgen
|
Generates C code to implement the Remote Procedure Call
(RPC) protocol
|
sln
|
A statically linked ln program
|
sotruss
|
Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified
command
|
sprof
|
Reads and displays shared object profiling data
|
tzselect
|
Asks the user about the location of the system and
reports the corresponding time zone description
|
xtrace
|
Traces the execution of a program by printing the
currently executed function
|
zdump
|
The time zone dumper
|
zic
|
The time zone compiler
|
ld-2.21.so
|
The helper program for shared library executables
|
libBrokenLocale
|
Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken
programs (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See
comments in glibc-2.21/locale/broken_cur_max.c for
more information
|
libSegFault
|
The segmentation fault signal handler, used by
catchsegv
|
libanl
|
An asynchronous name lookup library
|
libc
|
The main C library
|
libcidn
|
Used internally by Glibc for handling internationalized
domain names in the getaddrinfo() function
|
libcrypt
|
The cryptography library
|
libdl
|
The dynamic linking interface library
|
libg
|
Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a
runtime library for g++
|
libieee
|
Linking in this module forces error handling rules for
math functions as defined by the Institute of Electrical
and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). The default is POSIX.1
error handling
|
libm
|
The mathematical library
|
libmcheck
|
Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to
|
libmemusage
|
Used by memusage to help
collect information about the memory usage of a program
|
libnsl
|
The network services library
|
libnss
|
The Name Service Switch libraries, containing functions
for resolving host names, user names, group names,
aliases, services, protocols, etc.
|
libpcprofile
|
Contains profiling functions used to track the amount of
CPU time spent in specific source code lines
|
libpthread
|
The POSIX threads library
|
libresolv
|
Contains functions for creating, sending, and
interpreting packets to the Internet domain name servers
|
librpcsvc
|
Contains functions providing miscellaneous RPC services
|
librt
|
Contains functions providing most of the interfaces
specified by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension
|
libthread_db
|
Contains functions useful for building debuggers for
multi-threaded programs
|
libutil
|
Contains code for “standard” functions used in
many different Unix utilities
|