Linux From Scratch - Version SVN-20150308

Chapter 6. Installing Basic System Software

6.23. Ncurses-5.9

The Ncurses package contains libraries for terminal-independent handling of character screens.

Approximate build time: 0.5 SBU
Required disk space: 54 MB

6.23.1. Installation of Ncurses

6.23.2. 32-bit Installation

Prepare Ncurses for 32-bit compilation: 

./configure --prefix=/usr           \
            --mandir=/usr/share/man \
            --with-shared           \
            --without-debug         \
            --enable-pc-files       \
            --enable-widec          \
            --libdir=/usr/lib32     \
            CC="gcc -m32" CXX="g++ -m32"

The meaning of the new configure options:

--enable-widec

This switch causes wide-character libraries (e.g., libncursesw.so.5.9) to be built instead of normal ones (e.g., libncurses.so.5.9). These wide-character libraries are usable in both multibyte and traditional 8-bit locales, while normal libraries work properly only in 8-bit locales. Wide-character and normal libraries are source-compatible, but not binary-compatible.

--enable-pc-files

This switch generates and installs .pc files for pkg-config.

Compile the package: 

make

This package has a test suite, but it can only be run after the package has been installed. The tests reside in the test/ directory. See the README file in that directory for further details.

Install the package: 

make install

Move the shared libraries to the /lib32 directory, where they are expected to reside: 

mv -v /usr/lib32/libncursesw.so.5* /lib32

Because the libraries have been moved, one symlink points to a non-existent file. Recreate it: 

ln -sfv ../../lib32/$(readlink /usr/lib32/libncursesw.so) /usr/lib32/libncursesw.so

Many applications still expect the linker to be able to find non-wide-character Ncurses libraries. Trick such applications into linking with wide-character libraries by means of symlinks and linker scripts: 

for lib in ncurses form panel menu ; do
    rm -vf                    /usr/lib32/lib${lib}.so
    echo "INPUT(-l${lib}w)" > /usr/lib32/lib${lib}.so
    ln -sfv lib${lib}w.a      /usr/lib32/lib${lib}.a
    ln -sfv ${lib}w.pc        /usr/lib32/pkgconfig/${lib}.pc
done

ln -sfv libncurses++w.a /usr/lib32/libncurses++.a

Finally, make sure that old applications that look for -lcurses at build time are still buildable: 

rm -vf                     /usr/lib32/libcursesw.so
echo "INPUT(-lncursesw)" > /usr/lib32/libcursesw.so
ln -sfv libncurses.so      /usr/lib32/libcurses.so
ln -sfv libncursesw.a      /usr/lib32/libcursesw.a
ln -sfv libncurses.a       /usr/lib32/libcurses.a
[Note]

Note

The instructions above don't create non-wide-character Ncurses libraries since no package installed by compiling from sources would link against them at runtime. If you must have such libraries because of some binary-only application or to be compliant with LSB, build the package again with the following commands: 

make distclean
./configure --prefix=/usr    \
            --with-shared    \
            --without-normal \
            --without-debug  \
            --without-cxx-binding \
            --libdir=/usr/lib32 \
            CC="gcc -m32" CXX="g++ -m32"
make sources libs
cp -av lib/lib*.so.5* /usr/lib32

Clean up the build directory before moving on to the next platform: 

make clean

6.23.3. x32 ABI Installation

Prepare Ncurses for x32 ABI compilation: 

./configure --prefix=/usr           \
            --mandir=/usr/share/man \
            --with-shared           \
            --without-debug         \
            --enable-pc-files       \
            --enable-widec          \
            --libdir=/usr/libx32     \
            CC="gcc -mx32" CXX="g++ -mx32"

The meaning of the new configure options:

--enable-widec

This switch causes wide-character libraries (e.g., libncursesw.so.5.9) to be built instead of normal ones (e.g., libncurses.so.5.9). These wide-character libraries are usable in both multibyte and traditional 8-bit locales, while normal libraries work properly only in 8-bit locales. Wide-character and normal libraries are source-compatible, but not binary-compatible.

--enable-pc-files

This switch generates and installs .pc files for pkg-config.

Compile the package: 

make

This package has a test suite, but it can only be run after the package has been installed. The tests reside in the test/ directory. See the README file in that directory for further details.

Install the package: 

make install

Move the shared libraries to the /libx32 directory, where they are expected to reside: 

mv -v /usr/libx32/libncursesw.so.5* /libx32

Because the libraries have been moved, one symlink points to a non-existent file. Recreate it: 

ln -sfv ../../libx32/$(readlink /usr/libx32/libncursesw.so) /usr/libx32/libncursesw.so

Many applications still expect the linker to be able to find non-wide-character Ncurses libraries. Trick such applications into linking with wide-character libraries by means of symlinks and linker scripts: 

for lib in ncurses form panel menu ; do
    rm -vf                    /usr/libx32/lib${lib}.so
    echo "INPUT(-l${lib}w)" > /usr/libx32/lib${lib}.so
    ln -sfv lib${lib}w.a      /usr/libx32/lib${lib}.a
    ln -sfv ${lib}w.pc        /usr/libx32/pkgconfig/${lib}.pc
done

ln -sfv libncurses++w.a /usr/libx32/libncurses++.a

Finally, make sure that old applications that look for -lcurses at build time are still buildable: 

rm -vf                     /usr/libx32/libcursesw.so
echo "INPUT(-lncursesw)" > /usr/libx32/libcursesw.so
ln -sfv libncurses.so      /usr/libx32/libcurses.so
ln -sfv libncursesw.a      /usr/libx32/libcursesw.a
ln -sfv libncurses.a       /usr/libx32/libcurses.a
[Note]

Note

The instructions above don't create non-wide-character Ncurses libraries since no package installed by compiling from sources would link against them at runtime. If you must have such libraries because of some binary-only application or to be compliant with LSB, build the package again with the following commands: 

make distclean
./configure --prefix=/usr    \
            --with-shared    \
            --without-normal \
            --without-debug  \
            --without-cxx-binding \
            --libdir=/usr/libx32 \
            CC="gcc -mx32" CXX="g++ -mx32"
make sources libs
cp -av lib/lib*.so.5* /usr/libx32

Clean up the build directory before moving on to the next platform: 

make clean

6.23.4. 64-bit Installation

Prepare Ncurses for 64-bit compilation: 

./configure --prefix=/usr           \
            --mandir=/usr/share/man \
            --with-shared           \
            --without-debug         \
            --enable-pc-files       \
            --enable-widec

The meaning of the new configure options:

--enable-widec

This switch causes wide-character libraries (e.g., libncursesw.so.5.9) to be built instead of normal ones (e.g., libncurses.so.5.9). These wide-character libraries are usable in both multibyte and traditional 8-bit locales, while normal libraries work properly only in 8-bit locales. Wide-character and normal libraries are source-compatible, but not binary-compatible.

--enable-pc-files

This switch generates and installs .pc files for pkg-config.

Compile the package: 

make

This package has a test suite, but it can only be run after the package has been installed. The tests reside in the test/ directory. See the README file in that directory for further details.

Install the package: 

make install

Move the shared libraries to the /lib directory, where they are expected to reside: 

mv -v /usr/lib/libncursesw.so.5* /lib

Because the libraries have been moved, one symlink points to a non-existent file. Recreate it: 

ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libncursesw.so) /usr/lib/libncursesw.so

Many applications still expect the linker to be able to find non-wide-character Ncurses libraries. Trick such applications into linking with wide-character libraries by means of symlinks and linker scripts: 

for lib in ncurses form panel menu ; do
    rm -vf                    /usr/lib/lib${lib}.so
    echo "INPUT(-l${lib}w)" > /usr/lib/lib${lib}.so
    ln -sfv lib${lib}w.a      /usr/lib/lib${lib}.a
    ln -sfv ${lib}w.pc        /usr/lib/pkgconfig/${lib}.pc
done

ln -sfv libncurses++w.a /usr/lib/libncurses++.a

Finally, make sure that old applications that look for -lcurses at build time are still buildable: 

rm -vf                     /usr/lib/libcursesw.so
echo "INPUT(-lncursesw)" > /usr/lib/libcursesw.so
ln -sfv libncurses.so      /usr/lib/libcurses.so
ln -sfv libncursesw.a      /usr/lib/libcursesw.a
ln -sfv libncurses.a       /usr/lib/libcurses.a

If desired, install the Ncurses documentation: 

mkdir -v       /usr/share/doc/ncurses-5.9
cp -v -R doc/* /usr/share/doc/ncurses-5.9
[Note]

Note

The instructions above don't create non-wide-character Ncurses libraries since no package installed by compiling from sources would link against them at runtime. If you must have such libraries because of some binary-only application or to be compliant with LSB, build the package again with the following commands: 

make distclean
./configure --prefix=/usr    \
            --with-shared    \
            --without-normal \
            --without-debug  \
            --without-cxx-binding
make sources libs
cp -av lib/lib*.so.5* /usr/lib

6.23.5. Contents of Ncurses

Installed programs: captoinfo (link to tic), clear, infocmp, infotocap (link to tic), ncursesw5-config, reset (link to tset), tabs, tic, toe, tput, and tset
Installed libraries: libcursesw.{a,so} (symlink and linker script to libncursesw.{a,so}), libformw.{a,so}, libmenuw.{a,so}, libncurses++w.a, libncursesw.{a,so}, libpanelw.{a,so}, and their non-wide-character counterparts without "w" in the library names.
Installed directories: /usr/share/tabset, /usr/share/terminfo, and /usr/share/doc/ncurses-5.9

Short Descriptions

captoinfo

Converts a termcap description into a terminfo description

clear

Clears the screen, if possible

infocmp

Compares or prints out terminfo descriptions

infotocap

Converts a terminfo description into a termcap description

ncursesw5-config

Provides configuration information for ncurses

reset

Reinitializes a terminal to its default values

tabs

Clears and sets tab stops on a terminal

tic

The terminfo entry-description compiler that translates a terminfo file from source format into the binary format needed for the ncurses library routines [A terminfo file contains information on the capabilities of a certain terminal.]

toe

Lists all available terminal types, giving the primary name and description for each

tput

Makes the values of terminal-dependent capabilities available to the shell; it can also be used to reset or initialize a terminal or report its long name

tset

Can be used to initialize terminals

libcursesw

A link to libncursesw

libncursesw

Contains functions to display text in many complex ways on a terminal screen; a good example of the use of these functions is the menu displayed during the kernel's make menuconfig

libformw

Contains functions to implement forms

libmenuw

Contains functions to implement menus

libpanelw

Contains functions to implement panels